In Azerbaijan, protests have erupted in response to the ban on hijabs in schools, which has become a catalyst for serious conflicts with neighboring countries, particularly Turkey. This situation reflects not only internal issues but also changes in Baku's foreign policy as it seeks to shift its geopolitical strategy.
Reasons for the Protests and Their Impact
The ban on hijabs in Azerbaijani schools has sparked outrage among the population, leading to mass protests. This government move is seen as part of a broader policy aimed at strengthening ties with the USA, Israel, and the UK, which in turn has created tension in relations with traditional allies like Turkey.
Relations with Turkey and Iran
Turkey has always been an important partner for Azerbaijan. Pro-Turkish sentiments among Azerbaijani elites are historically supported by ties such as the formula "two states – one nation." However, following the hijab ban, Erdogan publicly condemned Baku's decision, prompting a negative reaction from the Azerbaijani parliament, which views this as interference in internal affairs.
- The hijab ban triggered protests.
- Turkey condemned the ban, leading to a diplomatic conflict.
- Azerbaijan invited the President of Israel to a summit, further complicating relations with Turkey.
Meanwhile, relations with Iran are also deteriorating. Tehran criticizes Baku for its cooperation with Israel, and pro-Iranian sentiments in Azerbaijan are becoming increasingly noticeable, especially in the context of the protests.
Geopolitical Changes and Challenges
Azerbaijan, attempting to shift its foreign policy focus, is moving away from traditional multivectorism toward greater alignment with the West. This has drawn a negative reaction from Russia, with which relations have also soured due to an incident involving an Azerbaijani plane in Grozny in December 2024.
- Relations with Russia deteriorated due to the plane incident.
- Aliyev supports Ukraine, which also creates tension with Moscow.
- Azerbaijan seeks to become a key transit hub for energy resources.
Thus, Azerbaijan finds itself in a complex situation, trying to balance various geopolitical interests and internal challenges. Support from the USA and Europe may not be sufficient to ensure stability in the region, especially considering the proximity of Iran and Turkey.